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Whereas all sampling methods induce biases, implementation of different methodologies may amplifychallenges associated with numerical comparisons within and across case studies. SCUBA-based underwatersediment sampling, commonly utilised in marine biology and palaeontology, employs two popular meth-odologies: hand collection and HVAC-suction sampling. Here, we compared relative mass proportions ofmollusc and echinoid remains extracted from hand and HVAC sourced sediment samples collected from foursites representing three distinct depositional and climatic settings. Collected specimens were classified asfragmentary, complete dead, or live-collected, with relative abundances estimated via total mass (g)measurements. Hand and HVAC sample comparisons indicated consistent, statistically indistinguishablemass proportion estimates of live-collected molluscs, complete dead molluscs/echinoids, and fragmentarymolluscs, including the mass proportions of mollusc fragments relative to complete dead molluscs (Hand:0.807; HVAC: 0.788; p = 0.77), complete dead echinoids relative to combined complete mollusc/echinoidmass (Hand: 0.01; HVAC: 0.004; p = 0.62) and live-collected molluscs relative to complete dead molluscs(Hand: 0.067; HVAC: 0.064; p = 0.96). The results of this study do not necessarily indicate an unbiasedsampling process but rather that both methodologies produced comparable, statistically indistinguishableestimates, thus justifying their joint usage when obtaining benthic samples for analyses. (PDF) Comparison of taphonomic estimates for two common underwater sampling methodologies. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390398643_Comparison_of_taphonomic_estimates_for_two_common_underwater_sampling_methodologies [accessed Sep 05 2025]. 

Nuclear domains (NDs)—such as nucleoli or nuclear speckles—are membraneless, organelle-like compartments that concentrate and retain nuclear proteins. Despite their ubiquitous presence in the cell, the organization, regulation, and functions of many NDs remain poorly understood. The B-body is a prominent nuclear domain observed in developing flight muscles of Drosophila. In this study, we expand the understanding of B-body composition and function. We identify several additional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as B-body components and show that some proteins can dynamically disappear from this ND. We further demonstrate that the B-body contains an RNA component, which was identified as the long non-coding RNA hsrω. Genetic analyses reveal that hsrω acts as a structural scaffold for the B-body, and its depletion leads to B-body disassembly. In contrast, loss of the resident protein Bruno (Bru), a splicing factor, does not compromise B-body integrity. Finally, we show that imbalance in the hsrω/Bru ratio promotes Bru aggregation, suggesting that the B-body plays a role in maintaining nuclear protein homeostasis.